What’s the problem and why does it matter?
Gender inequality is still an issue that affects many aspects of our lives, including how public spaces are designed and used.
Too often public spaces are planned and designed around the ideal of a ‘neutral male norm’ that reflect traditional gender norms. As a result many of our towns and cities work better for men than they do for women and girls, as the needs, interests and routines of women and girls are ignored.
For disabled women, ethnic minority women, LGBTQ+ women, our public spaces can be even more inaccessible and unwelcoming.
Poorly designed public spaces, including public transport, can create barriers to paid employment and education, barriers to accumulating wealth and achieving economic independence and can prevent particular groups from exercising agency in public decision-making. As a result some people enjoy fewer social freedoms and spend more on basic services.
There are three main areas in which the built environment can reinforce inequality – access, mobility and safety.
Access: typical planning, zoning and land use policies create legal divisions between “commercial” zones of production, commerce, income generation and public life; and “residential zones”. These divisions of space are often rooted in gendered divisions of labour.
For women, who do the majority of unpaid work and care, poor links between these zones can leave them with greater distances to travel on transport that is not designed with their needs in mind.
Mobility: transport systems are often designed around male-dominated commuter patterns, ignoring the needs of women and carers. We rarely gather data to fully understand how women are using transport systems, safety is a significant concern on public transport and fare systems can disadvantage those who need to make multiple, short trips.
Safety: safety is a key concern for women in public spaces. Too often little consideration is given to issues such as lighting, sanitation or safe walking routes when towns and cities are being designed. Violence against women in public has been found to most likely occur at and around toilets, at schools, in bars and in secluded areas.